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                                            INTRODUCTION

–£A4H*&   hJ*4 *¡1°& * –G3&* k£0  ˆ*]+É( D ‡)*4 —bjE ¡GH  bK 0 œJx~{†D* xD* i*5bmF(* ™G&* œE *x£€D* ˆ*xg1* bC ]D
™£˜~|- œE b›’˜gJ *& ]0*& ‡B¡gJ ™DH  œ£~6]›žE bF¡’J ™DH  ib/*4]D* rÉ~8*( ¤A É˜†J bFbC ]A  b˜G5bmFb( + fJx~{cD*  xcDHH
 tJ4bgD* ¤A ,xE —H&° b˜ž-x)b€+ *x£€J *& œE  b›£DH4bC —b˜~7  ”¡G ¤g£C ¤A      šb< b›’˜- ]A  “D3 ‡EH  *x£: fD%* —H*&

      f˜~8b†D* œ€›~7*H ¤A *x£€D*H $b~¦Œ•D Smithsonian ¤F¡~zj£˜~zD* pg˜D* ¤A f~9Hx†E hD*5 bE ,x)b€D*  wGH

Ixc’D* *x£€D* f•’~{E f)ymg+  —bj˜D* –£c~6 ¢•<  bEbA  b˜ž0bmF b˜~¦D f<¡›gE d£Db~6*& hJ*4 *¡1°& * š]sg~6* ]BH
b˜E  4¡£€D* x£€- £C b~642 ™.  qJx•D ŒF $b›c+ bEbB b˜žF*& ¢g0  ibFb£cD* œE ÉK )bG b˜K C b†˜/H  Ix‰~8 f£•˜< iɒ~{E ¢D(*
d£Db~6&°*  wG xC3 ¢•< ¤-b& ›~6H  4b’A°& * Žb~{gC* ™•†-H "f†£c€D* ¢D(* xƒF*" e¡•~6&* š¡£D* ¢<]J bE bE]sg~6* b˜žF&b+ ¤0¡J

                                                               x~7b†D* –~|ŒD* ¤A –£~|ŒgD* œE $¤~{+

d/¡gD °(*H  b˜ž<*xg1° œ£_£žEH œ£m~9bF bE5H b’E ¤A É˜†J bFbC "hJ*4" œJ¡1&°* &* ¡G –~|ŒD* *wG ¤A b›˜žJ bE
S *& f£pD* ¤AH  bc~zpD* ¤A f£sJ4bgD* b˜žgc0 ¤A ¤sJ4bgD*H ¤AbjD* ‘b£~zD* w1b& F *& H2 œE b˜ž<*]+(* ™žŒF *& b›£•<

              ˆ*]+(°* bž£A l]0 ¤gD* f£AbjD*H f£sJ4bgD* ibBb£~zDb+ Ž*xg<°* b˜)*2 d•€gJ ¤<*]+(°* –˜†•D šbgD* ™žŒD*

   "bE5°& * rH4" ¤›†- Zeitgeist f£Fb˜D*& f˜•C "x~|†D* rH4" f˜•CH        šb< x~|†+ f~8b1 rH4 ”b›G hFbC
f£+H4H&°* f~¦ž›D* x~|< x~zŒF *w’GH  ˆ*]@+°( * œE ,2]pE ‚b˜F°& f+b~6 ibc•€gE xA¡-H  ™£D* œE bEK bƒF 9xŒ- ¤GH
°(*H  fEb†D* f£<*]+(°* ™£D* ¦†+ f£›EyD* fcpD* “•- ¤A b£Db€J(* ¤A 6b›D* œ£+ ˆb~7 ]B ¡’J b˜+4 k£0 Renaissance
,xE b›+ *K 2¡<H "fBÉsD* —b˜<°& * ¡pF ™G2¡ž/ ¡ž/¡J —¡pD*H i°bm˜D* –C ¤A ib<b˜mD*H 2*xA°& * œE x£jC bC *3b˜•A
œJ¡1°& * &* b˜C  œJx~{†D* xD* fJ*]+ ¤A ib/*4]D* f£c†~{D –)bG 4b~{gF* ¢•< bž<*xg1* ]<b~6 ]A  ¢DH&°* ,x)b€D* ¢D*( Ix1&*
hFbC  f£’£Fb’£˜D* ib<*xg1°* ¤A ,x’˜~zD* —b˜<b& + šb£D* b˜žD rb-*& xmgE —É1 œE ¥2b˜D* b˜ž†~9H ™<2 œE b›’˜- hJ*4
(*  œ1b~zD* $*¡žD* š]sg~zJ ¥wD* 2b€›˜D*H f/*4]D* “D3 ¤A b˜+  4¡ž˜mD* šbE&* ,]J]/ –F )b~6H 4¡ž; ibJ*]+ ”b›G
”b›G bC ŸF&°  b›K ’˜E bC ,x)b€D* ˆ*xg1* *& q~9*¡D* œE œ’DH  £B2 –’~{+  ]J]p-H ŸŒJx†- d†~|J "x~|†D* rH4" q•€~|E
ib~¦žF lb†cFb+ Ž*xg<°* œE  fB]•D b£K 1¡-  b›D ]+ °H  ,]J]mD* xŒ~zD* )b~6¡+H  ,]J]mD* ib<xgs˜Db+ šb< ebm<(* H&* xJ]-

  bž›E –C ¢•< ‘]~|- "x~|†D* rH4" š¡žŒ˜D fJx£~zŒgD* ,¡D* œ’DH         Boorstin œg~64¡+  ,]0*H f~¦žF °  ,x£jC

 ibAb~{gC°* œE x£j’D* “D3 ¤A b˜+ ˆ*]+°( * ¢•< Ixc’D* i*x.¡' ˜D*H "ib~¦ž›D* 4¡~|<" b& ~{+ Ix1&* xƒF ibž/H ”b›GH
¤gD* ibŒ~{g’˜D*H ib<*xg1°* ¥*&   f£AbjD* i*x£‰g˜D* “D3 ¤•J ™.  š]B&°bA š]B°& *  i*x.¡' ˜D*  wG –~|ŒD* *wG —Hb›g£~6H
(Great person theory) ™£ƒ†D* |s~{D* fJxƒF —Hb›g›~6 b˜C    fcBb†g˜D* f£sJ4bgD* dpD* ¤A Hx£jC 8bs~7&*P bG]/H*&
x£= b~|s~7 d•€g- fJ2b†D* x£= f£<*]+(°* i*ym›˜D* &*H  x£cC –’~{+ f˜Gb~z˜D* ‡£€g~z- "x~|†D* rH4" ,4bc< *& b›G ,x’ŒD* 
i°bpD*H  xG*¡ƒD* ¢D(* hŒg•F *& –cB  Ÿ)*x:H ¤sJ4bgD* nž›˜D* œ< 4¡E°& * ¦†+ xCwF &* wcpF *wD        ŠF4¡+  ¥2b<

                                                                      ,2]p˜D* f£D]mD* ibAÉsD*H
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