Page 32 - ibdaa
P. 32
31 -b<¡~9¡EH -bJxF *]+°( *
H°& * ~|D*
£C xF ° bDH b_K £~7 xF bE]< l]pJ ¥wD* "fAxDb+ 6b~z0°( *"H 6]pD* x£~z- ¤A fJxD* wG bF]<b~z-
¤<*¡D* ¤FÉD* D* E ¦Bbg- ,xD* wG DH ,]£/ ,xA gF H&* b_K £~7 xF ]A (Metcalf, 1986) AxF
fAxDb+ b~K6b~z0*( bJ]D ]DQ ¡J bE b£K DbF* bD d£mg~zFH ,xA gF ]B bDH
]J]/ B¡E ¢< G*4 ¤AxE sE £c- f£FbE°( bAK b~{gC* " jJ 4b~|cg~6°* &* "x£.x£A " ]g<*
i*x£~z- f~z1 i2]0H "fJbcgE f£< iÉ£j- £+ B¡gE x£= +4 "Fb& + 4b~|cg~6°* "n££~7 " hAxQ <H 8
B*¡D* wG ]0*& ¤A l]pJ &* J 4b~|cg~6°* &* i&*4H fJ4¡~7ÉD* ib£D* E b<K ¡F bE C ~¦gJ 4b~|cg~6ÉD
f£-*3 ,4¡~|+ |s~{D* bF ¢E i*3 ibE¡E H*& f£AxE f£+ ¢D*( x£~{J ¥wD* ¤AxD* sD* bgC*
fJx~|+ ibE¡E £- ,2b<*(
f£D* ib£D* ]0*& 5Hbm-
" f~{D x£F " b~{gC*
b£K )*¡~{< ibE¡D* £m- ,2b<*(
+¡F ,y)b/ ¢< y)bpD* "¡Jb~6 ix+x£G " xC3 ]A x£cC ]/ D¡0 4H]JH b£K < H]cJ ° B*¡D* wG x1%* D
fgpD* ib£D¡gD* fAbC < kpcJ ¥wD* e¡~6bpDbC bEK b- f£FÉ<H f£EH fE ib£< cgJ bFx£- &*
b<K ]cE ¡J &* J e¡~6bpD* b& + FbJ*( k£0 E ~|D* *wG fJ*]+ ¤A "¡Jb~6 " ¢D*( bFx~7*& bF*& bcK Jx= J D DwD
bg0°*H ¢<&°* JbcgD* < Campbell, 1960 "cEbC " fJxA b<K ¡£~7 xjC°& * ¡G ]mD* E x1°% * dFbmD* D
Hx£jC pJH ¢<*& ~{+ bG]£D¡- gJ |s~{D* b£A xJ ¤gD* i*4b£sD* ¥*& 4bA&°* ibJbc- *& 9xg- ÉK jE ¤)bgF°*
° D Simonton, 2006 fgD* x£= g£c: ¡0 B°& * ¢< H&* ¤<*]+°( * x£gD* f£)*¡~{< ¡0 f+b~{E *4K bA&*
J ¤<*]+(°* x£gD* f£< E *$K y/ &* q£p~8 bgEx+ f£<*]+(°* f£D* < z£DH fFb~¦pD* < bG l]pgF bF*& ¢~z-
H b+xD* £cJH bEK b- fgE ¡- ]B Ix1°& * 0*xD* D f£)*¡~{D* f£<xD* ib£D* ¦+ ¤A dc~zgJ &*
x£gD ££sJ4b- £~8H
+xD*
z£/ £DH
William James
4bA°& * (* bBH kJ]pD* zD* < 4bA*& E x£j+ &bc- ]A ££JxE°& * zD* $b< H*& "z£/ £DH " ]Q J
fJ4¡~7 H&* fB¡gE ebc~6&* 2¡/H H2 bK E mg- ]B
,xA E f£)bmA i°¡p- 2¡/H zF bFb( A fJ2b£g<°* ib0xgD* E HxE 4b~zE ¤A b~¦K + b~¦+ fJ2bD* $b£~7&°* bF4bA*& cg- *& E °K ]+
/xE ¢D(* ,b& mA 1]F bF*& ¥*& fB2 ib£c~{gD* xjC&*H x~8bD fAHxD* x£= ib£D¡gD* xjC&*H $K bF i*y££gD*H i*]JxmgD* xjC&* IxFH Ix1&* ¢D*(
° bG]<H ,]0*H fpD ¤A bs~zA H*& ibC*x~{D* $b+ J k£0H x£Q pD* b~{D* E fDb0 ¤A 4¡JH n£J £A bE C k£0 4bA&°* E ex~¦E
8 ¡FbD* ¡G B¡gD* x£= ¡JH D* £-HxD* xF
fJx+ b+4 f<¡gE 4bA*& Ég~6* E 2xD* gJ bE]< xJ 4b~|cg~6°* &b+ )bD* ¥*& xD* E m~zJ ¥&*xD* *wG (*
Schilling, in press E C 6bcgB°* f£)*¡~{<

