Page 106 - ibdaa
P. 106

105 Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+°( *
   kDbjD* –~|ŒD*

                           f£<b˜mD* ‘HxŒD*

                                          Group Differences

 f›£†E i*xc1H i*4b£1 œ< ™m›- f£/¡D¡Jy£ŒD* ib:bc-4°* b& + x-¡gD*H œJ4b˜gD*H  fD]cg˜D* i°bpD* —¡0 l¡pcD* —]-
‡B¡gF *& œ’˜J  —bj˜D* –£c~6 ¢•†A  $b~¦<°& * )b;HH ˆ*]+°( * —bmE ¤A f£<b˜/H fJ2xA ‘HxA 2¡/H ‡B¡g˜D* œE (bA  ¤DbgDb+H
œE b£F2 ibJ¡g~z˜+ ¡~zpJ œJwD* œ£Œ£’g˜D* œ£+H  œ£J2b†D* 8bs~7&°*H ˆx~|D* ib+¡›+ œ£+b~|˜D* 8bs~7°& * œ£+ ‘HxA 2¡/H

            ]~8bEH 2xŒD* i*4b£1 ¢•< ]˜g†- ° f£<b˜/ bBK HxA ”b›G &* b˜C  ]J]~7 x-¡g+ ¡~zpJ ¥wD* “_DH*& H  x-¡gD*

~8H —bj˜D* –£c~6 ¢•†A  ‹bE]D* ¤A 4x~9 H&* “gž- œE ¡Fb†J œ˜E ™Gx£=H f£=bE]D* fg’~zD* bJbp~9 ¤A xƒ›F b›<2
fg’~zD* bJbp~9 œE   I]D ]/¡- “anosognosia” fBb<°( * 4b’F(* ¢˜~z- fDb0        "*4]Fb~{-bE*4" H "*4]Fb~{-bE*4"
 “D3 Hx’›J ™žF*& ™=4  ¤)y/ –•~7 fDb0 ¤A ¡F¡’J ]B $°¡' žA  ‹bE]D* œE œ˜J&°* dFbmD* ¤A 4bE2 œE ¡Fb†J œJwD* f£=bE]D*

™ž-*]g†E –J]†- ¢•< œJ42bB x£= ™žF°&  –•~{D* fDb0 –c- ¢•< œJ42bB x£= ¢~9x˜D* $°'¡G *( "*4]Fb~{-bE*4" —¡J
 f˜J]D* ™G2bg<* ™ƒF ‡E ™m~z›J ° ŸF°& “D3 ¡•GbmgJ ™ž›’DH  ÉK /4 H*& b<K *43 *¡CxpJ *& ¡†£€g~zJ ° ™žF(*  f˜J]D*
d•Q ~|g•D ¡’J ]B ŸF&b+ ¤0¡J *wG ™ž•˜< &* °*(  ˆ*]+°( * œ< ibFb£+ b†˜mJ ™D "*4]Fb~{g-bE*4"H "*4]Fb~{-bE*4" &* ‡EH
f£<*]+°( * f€~{F&°* œE x£jC ¤A ™žE $y/ fFHx˜D* °&  ˆ¡~9¡˜Db+ f•~|D* £.H xE&* *wGH  bFK b£0&* ¤/¡D¡£+ 6b~6*& fFHx˜D* š]<H
™m›J ]BH  (Chown, 1961) fFxE x£=H fc•~|gE œEyD* 4Hx˜+ ™G2b~z/*& qc~|- œ£‰DbcD* ™ƒ†E &°H          ¡’F4 
¡’J k£0  b~¦K J*& ,xcsD* z’†- i°¡Q pgD* “•- b( A  ]£Cb& gDb+H  ¤c~|†D* šbƒ›D* d£~|- ¤gD* i*x£‰gD* œ< Ÿ›E dFb/ ¤A *wG
fm£gF A l]pJ *wG œ’DH  (Rubenson & Run, 1995) œ£†E 4¡ƒ›E H&* œ£†E œ£-H4 ¤A —¡:&* bgK BH *¡~¦E&* ]B 4bc’D*
¡Œ;¡J œJwD* œ£Fb›ŒD* ¦†cA  ¤˜g0 –’~{+ ¡c•~|gJ 4bc’D* –C z£•A  “D3 ¤A dm< °H  b†K E f_~{›gD*H f†£c€D* œ£+ –<bŒgD*
‡~6bgD* ¢g0 H&* œEbjD* H*& ‡+b~zD* ™G]< ¤A ŸFHx£‰JH ™ž•˜< H4¡€J ,2b< ™GH  œ£FxE bEK H2 ¡F¡’J "–J¡€D* x˜†D* e¡•~6&*"

                                                                      (Lindauer et al, 1991)

(Sergent et al. 1992) ŸBbA4H "h›R /P x£~6" w1*& ]D  œ£†E –0 ¤A f~8bsD* i*4bž˜D*H ,xcsD* œ< ‘HxŒD* ¦†+ b& ~{›-
hD2H  ¡Ay†J *¡FbC bE]›<H  bžFH*& xJ *¡FbC bE]›<H  ¢£~6¡˜•D ¡†˜g~zJ f›£†D* 2*xA&* bC b˜›£+  MRIH  PET i*$*xB
¢•< f<5¡E f£=bE2 f’c~7 —É1 œE bž£p- œ’˜J fmDb†E ibc•€gE 2¡/H ¢~¦gB*" œ£-x£1°& * œ£g˜ž˜D* w£Œ›- *& ¢•< n)bg›D*
 ¢£~6¡˜D* Žy<H fJx~|cD* ,$*xD* ¤A ‹bE]D* ¤Œ~|F œE –C ™ž~6*& ]BH       8  " t£s˜D*H f†+4&°* fJx~{D* 8¡~|ŒD*
 (Scheibel, 1988; Schlaug et al. 1995)  É<&* bGb›0x~7 ¤gD* kjmD* qJx~{- œ< ib& ~{F ¤gD* f£<b˜mD* ‘HxŒD* xCwg›DH

                   n~¦›D* ibJ¡g~zEH 4b˜<&°* œ£+ ‘HxŒD*

                                 Age Differences and Maturation

x˜†D* (* –+  x˜†Db+ f•~8 i*3 f£<b˜mD* ‘HxŒD* ¦†+ *& ¢•<  bK +b~6 bGbFxC3 ¤gD* x˜†D* fJbžF ¤A f†B¡g˜D* ‘HxŒD* —]-
¤›†J *wžA  f£m~¦F ¡’- bE]›<H  b£†•D ,xGb;H fpE f£.*4H i°b˜g0* z’†J b˜E  f£m~¦F ‘HxA bžF(*  bG2]pJ ¥wD* ¡G
f£FbjD*H lbFÉ( D fc~z›Db+ ,x~{< fJ2bpD* œ~6 ¤A l]pJ *wGH  fG*x˜D* fJ*]c+ ¡’- bE Ÿc~7&* fCxg~{E ib£E¡˜< ”b›G *&
™ž-*4]B ¢•< x.¡' - f£m~¦›D* ™ž-b<yF *(  x˜†D* *wG —¡0 œJbc-H fJ2xA ‘HxA 2¡/H Ž¡Db& ˜D* œE k£0 4¡Cw•D fc~z›Db+ ,x~{<
ŒsJ ]BH   ¤FbjD* –~|ŒD* xƒF*        zF*4¡-H        ¡’F4  ‡+*xD* ~|D* ‡/*xgD ]žQP ˜- ¤gD* “•- f~8bs+H  f£<*]+(°*
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