Page 25 - ibdaa
P. 25

Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+°( * 24

                 —H°& * –~|ŒD*    

H&* f+b~zD* fAx†˜D* ¢•< b˜K )*2 ]˜g†- n)bg›D* °& –Eb’Db+ ,]J]/ fAx†E ]DQ ¡-  f£Ax†E   f£•˜< ¥*& ”b›G z£D " ŸF&* f£Fb’E(*
*w’G —bpD* ¡’J ° œ’DH  fJ4¡.H ,4b.(* 4b’A°& * xjC&* b~¦K J*& ¤G ]JxmgD* œ< fm-b›D* 4b’A&°* &* 9*xgA°( * œ’˜JH  bž+ c-x-
Ÿc~{J bC *3*( bK 0 ÉK £~8*& $¤~{D* ¡’J –žA  f££pD* fDb~8&°b+ •†gJ ¤~6b£D* x£’ŒgD* —¡0 f£E¡˜< xjC°& * —*¡' ~zD*H  "b˜K )*2

                              ebg’D* *wG œE x£1&°* –~|ŒD* ¤A —*'¡~zD* *wžD 2¡†F Ž¡~6 "$b£~7*& œE Ÿ•cB $b/ bE

ib£•˜†D*H ¥]<bcgD* x£’ŒgD* ib£•˜< ~|- ¤gD* ibJxƒ›D* “D3 ¤A b˜+  ¤<*]+(°* x£’ŒgD* ibJxƒF œE x£jC 9xgŒ-
–pD |s~{D* bžE]J ¤gD* 4b’A&°* ¤A  H]cJ bE ¢•<  ˆ*]+°( * ¡’£A  iɒ~{˜D* –0 œ< ng›- f£<*]+°( * 4b’A&°* *&  f£€+*xgD*

                                              "f•’~{˜D* –0 ˆ*¡F*& œE ˆ¡F b˜K )*2 ˆ*]+(°* –žA  Ÿž/*¡- f•’~{E

   f•’~{˜D* –0

PROBLEM SOLVING

Ž]G 2¡/¡+ y£˜gJ B¡E bžF&b+ f•’~{˜D* Jx†- œ’˜JH  f•’~{˜D* –0 f£•˜< ¢•< bcK Db= f£Ax†˜D* ˆ*]+(°* ibJxƒF yCx-
d•‰gJ &* °K H*& Ÿ£•< œ’D   Ž]G  Ÿ£•< —¡~|pD* ]JxJ H&*  bE $¤~7 ¢D(* |s~{D* obgpJ  Ž]žD* *wG £p- H2 —¡p- fc<H
œE ¡’J ]BH  bK +b~6 ¤+4bgD* x£’ŒgD*H ¥]<bcgD* x£’ŒgD* b›Ax< ]D  iɒ~{˜D* œE fŒ•gsE ˆ*¡F*&  ‡c€Db+  ”b›GH  fc†D* ¢•<
—b˜†g~6b+ q˜~z- fJbž›D* f0¡gŒE iɒ~{˜DbA  b˜ž›E –C bžc/¡g~zJ ¤gD* iɒ~{˜D* ˆ¡F ¤A x’ŒF bE]›< b˜ž›£+ fF4b˜D* –ž~zD*
œ£+ bž-*3 fJx€Db+ JxŒgD* œ’˜JH  ¤+4bgD* x£’ŒgD* —b˜†g~6* fJbž›D* f•‰E iɒ~{˜D* d•€g- b˜›£+  ¥]<bcgD* x£’ŒgD*
Žb€˜D* fJbžF ¤A ¤G ¤gD*  f•~¦†˜D* œE b<K ¡F iɒ~{˜D* –j˜- ]BH  *]K £/ ,2]p˜D* x£= iɒ~{˜D*H *]K £/ ,2]p˜D* iɒ~{˜D*
*& “~7 É+ Žx†- “F(bA  f˜J]D* f†)b~{D* ,4bc†D* ¤A b˜C   "f•~¦†E ¤FxB " ¢•< - bEK ¡J h›C *3(bA  iɒ~{˜D* œE ˆ¡F
–’~{+ f•’~{˜D* b˜ž›E ¥*& –pJ °   œ£›.* ¤›†J ¡GH dilemma f˜•’D* —H&* ¤A di ‡€˜D* $b/ b›G œEH   œ£›.* œJ4b£1 “J]D
"]•£Œ’JH " ‡~9H ]BH  x1°% * 4b£sD* “D ŸE]J bE ]Œg~6 “Fb( A   4b£sD* “D3 bC bJ&*   œJ4b£sD* ]0*& 4bgs- bE]›†A  –EbC

                    iɒ~{˜D* œE fŒ•gs˜D* ˆ*¡F°& * £›~|- ¤A bpK ~9*H *]K ž/  x£= Hx£jCH (Wakefield, 1992)

f~zCb†E xƒF fž/H 8bs~7&°* ¦†+ ¢›Q c- ]A  f•’~{˜D* –0 ˆ*¡@@F*& œE ˆ¡@F ˆ*]@@+°( * &b@+ b†K £˜/ 6b›D* œE¡' J °
h~z£D fBÉ1 i*5bmF*( H f£<*]+(* —b†A&* ]/¡-  4¡ƒ›˜D* *wG ¢•< $b›+H  ˆ*]@+(°* ˆ*¡@F*& ]0*& ¡G f•’~{˜D* –0 &* œ£0xgE
 "f•’~{˜D*" Jx†- ¢•< bž£A ¥*& 4 ¥&* ]˜g†JH  —b0 fJ&* ¢•<  bEK b˜- fE¡~zpE h~z£D f£~¦D*H  f•’~{˜D* –pD i°HbpE 2xmE
bFK b£0&* —HbpJ b›ŒD* (bA “D3 ‡EH  ™ž~zŒF&* œ< HxcQ †J ™ž›’DH  iɒ~{E ¡•Q pJ ° œ£Fb›ŒD* *&  ÉK jE  Žx†F œp›A
bK +b~6 bž›E ¢Fb< fDb& ~zE ˆ4b~|J *& œ’˜J b˜C  f•’~{E ŸJ]D &b@+ ¤0¡J b˜E  Ÿ~zŒF œ< x£c†g•D fJx: –~¦A*& 2bmJ(*
xCwgD z£Œ›gD* q•€~|˜+ “D3 ¢D(* "¤Dbž£˜gFy’£~6" 4b~7&* ]BH  (Jones et al, 1997; Csikzentmihalyi, 1988)
 ¤<*]+°( * ]žmD* ¤A –‰~{›J bE]›<  b~zF°( * *& ¢›†˜+  f£~z£Œ›- 2¡ž/ bcK Db= ¤G f£<*]+°( * 2¡žmD* (* —bBH  f-¡c’˜D* i*xcsD*

                                                                              x-¡gD* œE |•sgJ
   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30