Page 55 - ibdaa

Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF ˆ*]+(°* 54

ÁbjD* –~|ŒD*

° |s~{D* *wG *& H*& Hx1°% * bžƒ0ÉJ ™D f›£†E ,xc1 Ÿ-x˜= ]B |s~{D* ¡’J *& bE(bA œ£Gbm-b+ ])*]~{•D f£~|s~{D*
|s~{D* f›£†E f•’~{E I]pg- *& –˜gp˜D* œE (bA f£†A*]D* ¤A —bpD* ¡G b˜CH œJx1%°* I]D b£K Db< bK •B ]DQ ¡J $¤~{+ lxg’J
f£<*]+(* fJx€+ bž†E –Eb†gD* ¡pF ¡†A]›JH ™žD bJK ]p- ])*]~{D* ¤A HxJ ¡<]c˜DbA bž+ |s~{D* *wG ˆ]s›J H&* ˆ]c˜D*

¢•< H]c- ]B b˜F(*H bEK b˜- b›K pE H*& ])*]~7 bžF*& H]c- ° ]A f£Œ1 ¡’- ]B œp˜D*H ])*]~{D* *& ¤G f£FbjD* f€›D*H
Ÿ/H ¢•< ¡<]c˜D* 8bs~7&°* ]mJH ¥]pgDb+ ¡†g˜g~zJ 6b›D* °& bE ]0 ¢D*( ,4Q b~6 ¡’- ]B bžF*( –+ f€£~z+ ibJ]p- –’~7
ibJ]pg•D ,2]†gE ib£˜~z- ¢€†- *& f+*x= ÉA (Barron, 1995) ,]†˜D* f£›GwD* f€~{F&°*H ]£†gD* ¤A f†gE 8¡~|sD*

]BH ibJ]pgD*H *y-*ÉD*H x-¡gD*H i*¡mŒD*H iɒ~{˜D*H œp˜D*H ])*]~{D* “D3 ¤A b˜+ ¤<*]+°( * –˜†D* x£jg~z- ¤gD*
Ÿ£•< 9xp-H ¤<*]+°( * ]žmD* ”xp- &* œ’˜J ¤gD* "s~zD*" 4¡~8 œE *2K ]< (1994 d) "¡’F4" ‡•€g~6*

–†A 24 ¡G ¤<*]+(°* –˜†D* &* ¢•< ,x£jC –)°2 ”b›G ib<¡~9¡˜D* wG —¡0 b†K ~6*H °K ]/ ”b›G &* ¤G fjDbjD* f€›D*H
f›E*% ib_£+ ¤A ]/¡F bE]›< ˆ*]+°( * f˜B ¤A ¡’F b›F&* ¢D*( x£~{- ,x£jC Ix1&* –)°2 ”b›G œ’DH ])*]~{D* H&* ibJ]pgD* ¦†cD

šb’0&°* œE f£Db1H f£˜J¡- x£=H

« ƒ“lHg, *+bhH+ §|K £I ÒO G žLg¢lJ ¤¹& + g¢=3

"])*]~{D* Ÿ/H ¤A " ÉK jE 2xŒD* J ]A f†Œ-x˜D* f£†A*]D*H ¤<*]+°( * ]žmD* x£~zŒ- ¤A ,2b< ])*]~{D* –˜†g~z- b*+b ‚H+
ˆ*xg1°* œ£+ ‘HxŒD* ¢•< Žx†g•D –~|ŒD* xƒF* "ˆ*xg1°* š*& " f/bpD* &° A Ÿ£D*( f/bp+ ¡’J bE]›< b_K £~7 ˆxgsJ H*&
œ£j0bcD* œE x£jC bž£D*( 2¡†J ¤gD* b˜žg~6*42 ¤A (Goertzel & Goertzel, 1962) "—y-4¡/H —y-4¡/ " ]/H ]D ˆ*]+°( *H
ibFb£cD* –£•p- ¤A *]/H ]A Cradles of Eminence b˜ž+bgC ¤A bG¡~642 ¤gD* iÉ)b†D* ¤A ib+¡†~8H ])*]~7 ”b›G &*
ibE]~|D* œE ™žgD¡Œ: ¤A" *¡Fb< ]B $°¡' G ™ƒ†E &* ,54b+ f£~|s~7 ¤D*¡pD ,b£pD* tJ4*¡-H f£~|s~{D* x£~zDb+ f•†g˜D*
¢•< ,HÉ<H xii 8 Ž*xpF°* H&* f£•†D* 9*xEÉ& D b~zF(°* 9x†- ]B bžF*& ]g†J ¤gD* ˆ*x~|D*H ‚bc0°( *H bExpD*H
`A*]D*H ™<*]D* ˜›D* œE i¡£+ ¤A h~7b< ]B bžF*( —¡D* œ’˜J ,x~6&* –~8*& œE I¡~6 x~6&°* wG œ£+ œ’J ™D" “D3
œ£+ f;¡p•E ‘HxA i]/H ]BH 8 "fD¡ž~z+ œ£<]cE ¡F¡’J ° œ£0b-x˜D*H œ£†FbD* 8bs~7&°* &* H]cJH xg~z˜D*H
ebgQ ’D fc~z›Db+ —bpD* “DwCH "–Cb~{˜D* œE ¤Fb†J h£+ " ¤A &b~{F ]B bC f›£†D* wG ¤A –j˜E –’A fŒ•gs˜D* fcG¡˜D* —b’~7&*

œJ]D* —b/4H fŒ~6ɌD*H zŒ›D* $b˜•<H œ££~9bJxD*H œ£Œ~{g’˜D*H œ£££~6¡˜D*H fJ*HxD*

œE A xC3 ]A ™Gx£‰D bž+ *HxQ J ™D –B°& * ¢•< H*& f£•)b< ib+¡†~|+ *HxE bE *4K 2b›A –+b˜Db+ ¡<xgs˜D* bE*&
(Charles Lindbergh) "‹x£+]›£D yD4b~{- " ¡GH *]K 0*H °K bjE xC3*& b›G ¤F¡<2H f£•)b< ib<*x~8 *¡ž/*H ™žF&* œ£<xgs˜D*
*& b›£•< œ’D 8 "‡Œ-xE Žx/O œE H*& q€~zD* œE ‚¡~zD* f£~{1 fŒ£s˜D* z£+*¡’•D H]cJ bE ¢•< f~9x< " bC ¥wD*
”b›G bC ŸF*& ¤›†J b˜E ,b£pD* tJ4b- œE H&* f£-*wD* x£~zD* œE xJ4b- ¢•< i]˜g<* "—y-4¡/H —y-4¡/ " f~6*42 *& „0ÉF
f†˜~zD*H ,xž~{D*H 5HxcD* œ£+ ‘xA ‡c€Db+ ”b›GH "‹x£+]›£D" –jE œJ54b+ b~8K bs~7*& b~|pŒ- b˜žF*& H –JH&bg•D ‡~6*H —bmE

(Runco, 1995 c) Ÿ-*3 ]p+ ˆ*]+(°* œ£+H fc£€D*

f£Db†D* ,$bŒ’D* ¥H3 8bs~7°& * ,b£0 tJ4b-" *& (MacKinnon, 1983, 1960) "¡›£CbE" —bB bcK Jx- Ÿ-*3 hB¡D* ¤AH

$b+°% b+ b˜K gžE bC ]BH 8 f£~zŒ›D* ibE]~|D* œE i*xc1H bExpD*H ]J]~{D* ‚bc0°( b+ y£˜gJ f£)b›jg~6°*H
œ£J2b~6 $b+%* ¥]J&* ¢•< f£~{0¡D* f•Eb†˜D* *¡•˜p- ]B œ£<]c˜D* 8bs~7°& * œE ib›£< " &* £C ~8HH 8b1 –’~{+
bž:bc-4* f£Œ£’D *xK £~zŒ- š]B ŸF°& –+ d~zpA ])*]~{D* 2]0 ŸF°& z£D 8b1 –’~{+ *yK £˜E "¡›£CbE " –˜< ]†JH 8 "
Ÿ˜£D f~¦Bb›˜D* ™£D* ŸD Ÿcc~z- ¥wD* x-¡gD* –˜p- ¢•< ,4]D* ˆ]c˜D* |s~{D* I]D (*" b£K Ax0 —¡J ¡žA f£<*]+(°* 2¡žmDb+